France's prime minister and other officials have been fending off suggestions that anti-terrorism authorities failed to adequately monitor the 23-year-old Merah, who had been known to them for years before he carried out three deadly shooting attacks this month.
Merah, a Frenchman of Algerian descent who claimed links to al-Qaeda, was killed in a dramatic gunfight with police Thursday after a 32-hour standoff at his Toulouse apartment.
Prosecutors said he filmed himself carrying out the attacks that began March 11, killing three Jewish schoolchildren, a rabbi and three French paratroopers with close-range shots to the head. Another Jewish student and a paratrooper were wounded.
An autopsy of the gunman's body showed he received two fatal bullet wounds to the left temple and to the abdomen — but that he was hit by some 20 bullets, mainly in the arms and legs, judicial and police officials said.
The head of the elite police unit, Amaury de Hauteclocque — whose mission was to take Merah alive — insisted his men fired only in self-defence.
Investigators looking for possible accomplices honed in on Merah's 29-year-old brother, Abdelkader, and the brother's girlfriend, described by one official as espousing an ultraconservative form of Islam. Both were detained early Wednesday, along with Merah's mother.
The brother and girlfriend were being transferred Saturday to police anti-terrorist headquarters in Paris for further questioning. Abdelkader Merah had been implicated in a 2007 network that sent militant fighters to Iraq, but was never charged. Merah's mother was to be released.
Meanwhile, a senior official close to the investigation told The Associated Press that despite Merah's claims to negotiators of al-Qaeda links, there was no sign he had "trained or been in contact with organised groups or jihadists."
The former auto body worker had travelled twice to Afghanistan in 2010 and to Pakistan in 2011, and said he trained with al-Qaeda in the Pakistani militant stronghold of Waziristan. He had been on a US no-fly list since 2010.
The official said Merah might have made the claim because al-Qaeda is a well-known "brand," adding there was "absolutely no evidence allowing us to believe that he was commissioned by al-Qaeda to carry out these attacks."